Mechanicsburg man seeks PFA against former cop
Wednesday, January 07, 2009
BY MATT MILLER
Of Our Cumberland County Bureau
Former Harrisburg police officer Leslie Brown's ex-lover testified Tuesday that the ex-cop stalked him for months after he ended their affair last January.http://LOUIS-J-SHEEHAN.US
Brown, who resigned from the police force in October, flattened tires on his vehicles and committed petty vandalism at his Mechanicsburg home, William T. Holloway told Cumberland County Judge Kevin A. Hess during a hearing on his request for a protection from abuse order.http://LOUIS-J-SHEEHAN.US
Brown drove past his house hundreds of times, left threatening messages and once vomited on his back door, Holloway said.
Holloway presented surveillance photographs and testimony from two neighbors who said Brown had been on his property, even though he said he repeatedly told her to stay away.
Some photos showed Brown, 39, of Hampden Twp., in her police uniform.
Brown denied harassing Holloway. She admitted leaving him notes, sometimes asking to renew their romance, but insisted her contacts were benign.
Hess didn't believe her.
"This is bizarre behavior that would cause fear in any normal person," the judge said.
Hess granted the PFA, barring Brown from having contact with Holloway for three years.
If she violates the order, she could go to jail.
Holloway, 55, who is separated from his wife, said he sought a PFA on the advice of Harrisburg police.
Holloway said he began filing complaints with Mechanicsburg police last spring about the alleged harassment.
Harrisburg police became insistent about him securing a PFA when Brown, a 13-year veteran of the city force, resigned Oct. 23, Holloway said.
"I was told ... that I should be watching my back," he said.
Holloway said Brown left him phone or text messages -- including one that read "You better hide" -- and repeatedly called and hung up.
Under questioning by Brown's attorney, Jacob Jividen, Holloway conceded he had no proof Brown was behind some of the vandalism.
But Holloway said she kept harassing him after he sought the PFA, even though his PFA petition triggered a temporary order barring contact.
He said that within the last few days he received an unsigned note that read, "I still love you," that he believes was from Brown.
Brown, who works as a hospital medical technician, claimed that after their break-up, Holloway deliberately showed up at places she frequented.
"Did you ever make any threats to [Holloway's] life or safety?" Jividen asked.
"No," Brown said.http://LOUIS-J-SHEEHAN.US
Hess, however, said he concluded that Brown is "in total denial of the situation."
MATT MILLER: 249-2006 or mmiller@patriot-news.com
©2009 Patriot-News
© 2009 PennLive.com All Rights Reserved. Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire
Wednesday, January 7, 2009
Thursday, December 25, 2008
sleep 9.sle.009 Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire
During a 5-month stint on the space station Mir in 1997, U.S. astronaut Jerry M. Linenger and his two Russian counterparts confronted a severe fire, failures of the oxygen generator and communications systems, and a near-collision with a resupply ship. As if that weren't enough, Linenger also found himself wrestling with his own biology: After 3 months in space, his body's clock apparently lost its daily rhythm.Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire .
One of the worst aspects of this circadian setback was that it severely disrupted Linenger's sleep, according to a new report. The scientists suspect that something functioned differently in Linenger's brain area that regulates cycles of sleep, wakefulness, alertness, temperature, and brain chemistry.
Linenger's experience provides the longest study to date of circadian rhythms in space. In the future, astronauts taking extended space trips could be prone to comparable changes that interfere with sleep and task performance, says psychologist Timothy H. Monk of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, who directed the investigation.
While orbiting Earth every 2 hours aboard Mir, Linenger recorded data on himself for three blocks of time: days 37 to 50, days 79 to 91, and days 110 to 122. During these periods, Linenger took his oral temperature and rated his sense of alertness at the same five times during each 24-hour cycle. He also went to bed and arose at regular times in the cycle and recorded the amount and quality of his sleep.http://LOUIS-J-SHEEHAN.INFO
As on Earth, Linenger's temperature declined as he fell asleep and rose toward the end of his slumber�at least for the first 91 days in space. During that time, the astronaut also reported sleeping well and staying alert while awake. Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire . http://LOUIS-J-SHEEHAN.INFO
The situation later changed, however. In the third time block, Linenger displayed no daily cycle of temperature fluctuations. His body temperature remained nearly constant whether he slept or was awake. Moreover, he often didn't feel sleepy at his regular bedtime and felt as if he was losing track of each 24-hour day. His sleep time declined, and he awoke much more often than he had earlier in the flight.
Monk and his coauthors, including Linenger, present their results in the November/December Psychosomatic Medicine.
Sleep loss and circadian disturbances also occurred among five astronauts who traveled for either 10 days or 16 days on the Space Shuttle in 1998, according to a report in the November American Journal of Physiology. Astronauts' body temperature and secretion of the stress hormone cortisol stopped showing 24-hour cycles during the space flights, reports a team led by Charles A. Czeisler of Harvard Medical School in Boston. The shortened sleep periods included a marked decline in rapid-eye-movement sleep, which is associated with dreaming.http://LOUIS-J-SHEEHAN.INFO
The crew members scored lower on attention and thinking tests in space than they had on Earth. It's unclear whether either sleep loss or circadian changes caused these declines�and Linenger's on Mir�Czeisler says.
"We may need to find ways to trick the circadian pacemaker into maintaining a 24-hour cycle when removed from Earth's time cues on long space missions," Monk says.
One of the worst aspects of this circadian setback was that it severely disrupted Linenger's sleep, according to a new report. The scientists suspect that something functioned differently in Linenger's brain area that regulates cycles of sleep, wakefulness, alertness, temperature, and brain chemistry.
Linenger's experience provides the longest study to date of circadian rhythms in space. In the future, astronauts taking extended space trips could be prone to comparable changes that interfere with sleep and task performance, says psychologist Timothy H. Monk of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, who directed the investigation.
While orbiting Earth every 2 hours aboard Mir, Linenger recorded data on himself for three blocks of time: days 37 to 50, days 79 to 91, and days 110 to 122. During these periods, Linenger took his oral temperature and rated his sense of alertness at the same five times during each 24-hour cycle. He also went to bed and arose at regular times in the cycle and recorded the amount and quality of his sleep.http://LOUIS-J-SHEEHAN.INFO
As on Earth, Linenger's temperature declined as he fell asleep and rose toward the end of his slumber�at least for the first 91 days in space. During that time, the astronaut also reported sleeping well and staying alert while awake. Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire . http://LOUIS-J-SHEEHAN.INFO
The situation later changed, however. In the third time block, Linenger displayed no daily cycle of temperature fluctuations. His body temperature remained nearly constant whether he slept or was awake. Moreover, he often didn't feel sleepy at his regular bedtime and felt as if he was losing track of each 24-hour day. His sleep time declined, and he awoke much more often than he had earlier in the flight.
Monk and his coauthors, including Linenger, present their results in the November/December Psychosomatic Medicine.
Sleep loss and circadian disturbances also occurred among five astronauts who traveled for either 10 days or 16 days on the Space Shuttle in 1998, according to a report in the November American Journal of Physiology. Astronauts' body temperature and secretion of the stress hormone cortisol stopped showing 24-hour cycles during the space flights, reports a team led by Charles A. Czeisler of Harvard Medical School in Boston. The shortened sleep periods included a marked decline in rapid-eye-movement sleep, which is associated with dreaming.http://LOUIS-J-SHEEHAN.INFO
The crew members scored lower on attention and thinking tests in space than they had on Earth. It's unclear whether either sleep loss or circadian changes caused these declines�and Linenger's on Mir�Czeisler says.
"We may need to find ways to trick the circadian pacemaker into maintaining a 24-hour cycle when removed from Earth's time cues on long space missions," Monk says.
Wednesday, December 10, 2008
results 9.res.000200 Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire
Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire. Anthropologists have long believed that there was a protracted lag between when humans started domesticating cattle for food—about 9,000 years ago—and when they managed to harness the animals to plows and collect their milk. “It’s one thing to keep an animal in a corral and quite another thing to get near enough to milk it,” says University of Bristol chemist Richard Evershed. To get a fix on when the second stage occurred, Evershed pulverized tiny pieces of 2,200 pottery fragments from sites in the Near East to see if they contained traces of dairy fats. http://LOUIS2J2SHEEHAN.US
His results, published in August in Nature [subscription required], hint not only that people made the dairy leap just as soon as they began domesticating herd animals, but that these early “ranchers” were even processing milk and storing it. The study may also help geneticists solve the mystery of where and when people evolved the ability to digest the milk sugar lactose.http://LOUIS2J2SHEEHAN.US
To this day, most adults around the world can’t easily digest milk, but those who can may be the progeny of populations in the Near East and southeastern Europe, where Evershed finds the earliest evidence of stored milk. “It’s a very interesting study. Put the two maps on top of each other and you get a coherent pattern,” says geneticist Anders Götherström of Uppsala University in Sweden.
His results, published in August in Nature [subscription required], hint not only that people made the dairy leap just as soon as they began domesticating herd animals, but that these early “ranchers” were even processing milk and storing it. The study may also help geneticists solve the mystery of where and when people evolved the ability to digest the milk sugar lactose.http://LOUIS2J2SHEEHAN.US
To this day, most adults around the world can’t easily digest milk, but those who can may be the progeny of populations in the Near East and southeastern Europe, where Evershed finds the earliest evidence of stored milk. “It’s a very interesting study. Put the two maps on top of each other and you get a coherent pattern,” says geneticist Anders Götherström of Uppsala University in Sweden.
Sunday, December 7, 2008
coral 44.cor.222991 Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire
Creating protected marine areas in one part of the Caribbean won't replenish distant coral reefs in the region, according to genetic research. http://louis2j2sheehan.blogspot.com
Because free-swimming coral larvae don't appear to spread far from their points of origin, protected "coral gardens" at intervals of more than 100 kilometers would be too far apart to repopulate all depleted reefs in the region in our lifetimes, says Steve Palumbi of Stanford University.
"Coral gardens will need to be on every major island," he says.
He and Steven Vollmer of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama studied the DNA in 262 samples of staghorn coral from the Bahamas to Panama and the Yucatán peninsula to Curaçao. They judged the corals' relatedness by the degree of genetic similarity among the samples. http://louis5j5sheehan.blogspot.com
They found that related corals live in "local villages" that are separated by no more than 100 km and sometimes as little as 2 km. The genetic differences among villages indicate that larvae produced in one locale rarely become established in another, the researchers report. http://louis2j2sheehan.blogspot.com
Establishing "more conservation [areas] on smaller scales would probably do you more good than ... protecting one large location," Vollmer concludes.
Palumbi and Vollmer are now examining their data in the context of ocean-circulation patterns to understand how currents influence coral genetics. Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire
Because free-swimming coral larvae don't appear to spread far from their points of origin, protected "coral gardens" at intervals of more than 100 kilometers would be too far apart to repopulate all depleted reefs in the region in our lifetimes, says Steve Palumbi of Stanford University.
"Coral gardens will need to be on every major island," he says.
He and Steven Vollmer of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama studied the DNA in 262 samples of staghorn coral from the Bahamas to Panama and the Yucatán peninsula to Curaçao. They judged the corals' relatedness by the degree of genetic similarity among the samples. http://louis5j5sheehan.blogspot.com
They found that related corals live in "local villages" that are separated by no more than 100 km and sometimes as little as 2 km. The genetic differences among villages indicate that larvae produced in one locale rarely become established in another, the researchers report. http://louis2j2sheehan.blogspot.com
Establishing "more conservation [areas] on smaller scales would probably do you more good than ... protecting one large location," Vollmer concludes.
Palumbi and Vollmer are now examining their data in the context of ocean-circulation patterns to understand how currents influence coral genetics. Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire
Tuesday, November 25, 2008
stern 55.ste.0001 Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire
Alan Stern is an astronomer, space scientist, and had a stint at NASA HQ as Associate Administrator of NASA’s Science Mission Directorate. While he was there he was appalled when he saw cost overruns eating away at various missions, and the collateral damage they were causing other missions. He wound up resigning when he realized he couldn’t do what he was tasked to do (including controlling costs), because he was countermanded by people higher up in the NASA pecking order.http://LOUIS2J2SHEEHAN.US
Alan wrote a scathing editorial in the New York Times today, and I must admit I find very little if anything in it that I disagree with. While I was a contractor for NASA, and all the time I have worked with NASA projects, I heard stories of missions that ran hugely over budget, and how that impacted other missions (including ones I worked with, so I saw a lot of cutbacks take their toll). http://LOUIS2J2SHEEHAN.US NASA has a finite budget, so when one mission runs over cost, that money has to come from other missions.
What NASA needs is oversight, more accountability, and people in its management structure willing to take responsibility for these overruns. http://LOUIS2J2SHEEHAN.US
Ironically, what it also needs is more money. The basic fact is that getting to space is hard, takes a long time to plan out, and costs a lot of cash. Of course, in general I think this is money well spent, and I will argue that vehemently, and so will others. What NASA does is important, and the money we spend we get back multiplied many times over. But that doesn’t mean NASA should get a wheelbarrow full of million dollar bills and a wink of the eye to acquiesce spending money as it sees fit.
With more money — and of course with the money it gets now, less than 1% of the national budget — comes responsibility. NASA does great things, fantastic things… and it can be doing far, far grander work. But it will take quite a bit of self-inspection and change in the status quo to get it done. Mike Griffin, the current NASA Administrator, will almost certainly be on his way out next year. I hope the Obama Administration will find someone to step in who has the vision, the plan, and the management know-how needed to get NASA flying straight. Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire
Alan wrote a scathing editorial in the New York Times today, and I must admit I find very little if anything in it that I disagree with. While I was a contractor for NASA, and all the time I have worked with NASA projects, I heard stories of missions that ran hugely over budget, and how that impacted other missions (including ones I worked with, so I saw a lot of cutbacks take their toll). http://LOUIS2J2SHEEHAN.US NASA has a finite budget, so when one mission runs over cost, that money has to come from other missions.
What NASA needs is oversight, more accountability, and people in its management structure willing to take responsibility for these overruns. http://LOUIS2J2SHEEHAN.US
Ironically, what it also needs is more money. The basic fact is that getting to space is hard, takes a long time to plan out, and costs a lot of cash. Of course, in general I think this is money well spent, and I will argue that vehemently, and so will others. What NASA does is important, and the money we spend we get back multiplied many times over. But that doesn’t mean NASA should get a wheelbarrow full of million dollar bills and a wink of the eye to acquiesce spending money as it sees fit.
With more money — and of course with the money it gets now, less than 1% of the national budget — comes responsibility. NASA does great things, fantastic things… and it can be doing far, far grander work. But it will take quite a bit of self-inspection and change in the status quo to get it done. Mike Griffin, the current NASA Administrator, will almost certainly be on his way out next year. I hope the Obama Administration will find someone to step in who has the vision, the plan, and the management know-how needed to get NASA flying straight. Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire
Wednesday, November 19, 2008
game 663.gam.00023 Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire
http://louis3j3sheehan3esquire.wordpress.com/. Recent investigations of genetic variation in living populations have suggested that the
numbers of Stone Age people rose sharply sometime between 100,000 and 50,000 years ago.
Better clues to the timing and extent of ancient population shifts may reside among the fossil
bones of tortoises, hares, and other small game that supplemented Stone Age diets.
"Many archaeologists may not have appreciated the unique potential of small-game data for
examining when and where [ancient population] increases took place," say anthropologist Mary
C. Stiner of the University of Arizona in Tucson and her coworkers.
The proportion of small game in the human diet and the number of species of these animals
captured varied little from 200,000 to 9,000 years ago, Stiner's team reports. In contrast, a dramatic
change in the type of small game eaten toward the end of that period reflected sharp
growth of the human population, the researchers find.
For much of the Stone Age, inhabitants of coastal sites in Italy and Israel sought shellfish,
tortoises, and other easy-to-capture small game to supplement the large gazelle-like creatures
they also hunted. Between about 36,000 and 26,000 years ago, small-game preferences at these
locations shifted to much swifter prey, such as partridges and hares.
Earlier Stone Age folk probably lived in small, widely separated groups that could regularly
eat slow-footed or immobile prey without wiping them out, according to Stiner's team.
The ensuing culinary shift to speedier prey followed declines in numbers of easy-to-catch
animals due to pressure from a budding human population, in their view. The challenges of
hunting small, elusive animals encouraged the development of snares, nets, and other implements
(SN: 5/23/98, p. 331: http://www.sciencenews.org/sn_arc98/5_23_98/bob1.htm).
People gained consistent access to more meat, the scientists theorize. Unlike slower prey,
birds and hares have short breeding cycles that enable them to maintain their numbers in the face
of intensive hunting. A meatier diet, in turn, improved childhood nutrition and instigated even
steeper human-population growth, Stiner's team contends in the February Current Anthropology.
The researchers analyzed animal remains excavated at five Italian rock shelters and a rock
shelter and a cave site in Israel. Radiocarbon dates range from 110,000 to 9,000 years ago for
the Italian fossil finds and from 200,000 to 11,000 years ago for the Israeli specimens.
Mathematical simulations allowed the investigators to estimate the effects of modest and intensive
hunting, over a 200-year span, on modern species of tortoises, hares, and partridges.
The evidence of a shift to swift prey in the late Stone Age supports an earlier proposal that
an expansion of food sources in western Asia at that time set the stage for population growth,
agriculture, and livestock raising. In the same issue of Current Anthropology, that theory's originator,
anthropologist Kent V. Flannery of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, remarks that
scientists need to examine slow and quick prey at other ancient human sites.Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire
numbers of Stone Age people rose sharply sometime between 100,000 and 50,000 years ago.
Better clues to the timing and extent of ancient population shifts may reside among the fossil
bones of tortoises, hares, and other small game that supplemented Stone Age diets.
"Many archaeologists may not have appreciated the unique potential of small-game data for
examining when and where [ancient population] increases took place," say anthropologist Mary
C. Stiner of the University of Arizona in Tucson and her coworkers.
The proportion of small game in the human diet and the number of species of these animals
captured varied little from 200,000 to 9,000 years ago, Stiner's team reports. In contrast, a dramatic
change in the type of small game eaten toward the end of that period reflected sharp
growth of the human population, the researchers find.
For much of the Stone Age, inhabitants of coastal sites in Italy and Israel sought shellfish,
tortoises, and other easy-to-capture small game to supplement the large gazelle-like creatures
they also hunted. Between about 36,000 and 26,000 years ago, small-game preferences at these
locations shifted to much swifter prey, such as partridges and hares.
Earlier Stone Age folk probably lived in small, widely separated groups that could regularly
eat slow-footed or immobile prey without wiping them out, according to Stiner's team.
The ensuing culinary shift to speedier prey followed declines in numbers of easy-to-catch
animals due to pressure from a budding human population, in their view. The challenges of
hunting small, elusive animals encouraged the development of snares, nets, and other implements
(SN: 5/23/98, p. 331: http://www.sciencenews.org/sn_arc98/5_23_98/bob1.htm).
People gained consistent access to more meat, the scientists theorize. Unlike slower prey,
birds and hares have short breeding cycles that enable them to maintain their numbers in the face
of intensive hunting. A meatier diet, in turn, improved childhood nutrition and instigated even
steeper human-population growth, Stiner's team contends in the February Current Anthropology.
The researchers analyzed animal remains excavated at five Italian rock shelters and a rock
shelter and a cave site in Israel. Radiocarbon dates range from 110,000 to 9,000 years ago for
the Italian fossil finds and from 200,000 to 11,000 years ago for the Israeli specimens.
Mathematical simulations allowed the investigators to estimate the effects of modest and intensive
hunting, over a 200-year span, on modern species of tortoises, hares, and partridges.
The evidence of a shift to swift prey in the late Stone Age supports an earlier proposal that
an expansion of food sources in western Asia at that time set the stage for population growth,
agriculture, and livestock raising. In the same issue of Current Anthropology, that theory's originator,
anthropologist Kent V. Flannery of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, remarks that
scientists need to examine slow and quick prey at other ancient human sites.Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire
Tuesday, November 11, 2008
culprit 662.cul.110 Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire
Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire. A chemical reaction long assumed to be unimportant in urban air quality may be a significant source of ozone, the major component of smog.
Hydroxyl (OH) radicals, among the most reactive natural chemicals in the atmosphere, help cleanse the air of some noxious pollutants. In many cases, and especially in urban environments, ozone results from that cleansing, says Amitabha Sinha, a physical chemist at the University of California, San Diego.
Previous studies suggested that the majority of the atmosphere's hydroxyl radicals are produced when ultraviolet radiation cleaves a molecule of ozone to produce a single oxygen atom, which in turn reacts with water vapor in the air. Now, lab tests by Sinha and colleagues Shuping Li and Jamie Matthews hint that reactions involving nitrogen dioxide and light may in some cases produce substantial quantities of hydroxyl radicals, and therefore more ozone.http://louis8j8sheehan8esquire.wordpress.com/
In their experiments, the researchers zapped nitrogen dioxide, a common component of vehicle and power-plant emissions, with several wavelengths of light between 450 nanometers (violet) and 650 nm (red). When illuminated at those wavelengths, NO2 molecules can absorb the light's energy and remain excited for as long as 60 microseconds-long enough for them to collide with another molecule, says Sinha. Most of those collisions involve diatomic molecules of nitrogen and oxygen, gases that make up about 99 percent of the atmosphere. Occasionally, however, the extra-energetic NO2 runs into and reacts with a molecule of water vapor, generating a hydroxyl radical.
Sinha and his colleagues' models suggest that in environments where NO2 concentrations are 1 part per billion, light-driven chemical reactions create as many as 30,000 hydroxyl radicals each second in a cubic centimeter of air. Such reactions can produce up to 52 percent as many hydroxyl radicals as ozone-cleaving reactions do when the sun is low in the sky and much of its ultraviolet light has been filtered out by the overlying atmosphere. The team reports its findings in the March 21 Science.
"This throws a curve ball at what we thought about urban atmospheric chemistry," says Paul O. Wennberg, an atmospheric chemist at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. However, Wennberg's analyses suggest that the team's model may in some cases significantly overestimate the amount of ozone that would result from the light-driven reactions.
Production of hydroxyl radicals by excited nitrogen dioxide molecules "hasn't been included in models [of atmospheric chemistry] but certainly should be," says Luisa T. Molina, an atmospheric chemist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. However, she notes, in urban areas that have many sources of hydroxyl radicals, such as Mexico City, this reaction's contribution to pollution may be minimal. Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire
Hydroxyl (OH) radicals, among the most reactive natural chemicals in the atmosphere, help cleanse the air of some noxious pollutants. In many cases, and especially in urban environments, ozone results from that cleansing, says Amitabha Sinha, a physical chemist at the University of California, San Diego.
Previous studies suggested that the majority of the atmosphere's hydroxyl radicals are produced when ultraviolet radiation cleaves a molecule of ozone to produce a single oxygen atom, which in turn reacts with water vapor in the air. Now, lab tests by Sinha and colleagues Shuping Li and Jamie Matthews hint that reactions involving nitrogen dioxide and light may in some cases produce substantial quantities of hydroxyl radicals, and therefore more ozone.http://louis8j8sheehan8esquire.wordpress.com/
In their experiments, the researchers zapped nitrogen dioxide, a common component of vehicle and power-plant emissions, with several wavelengths of light between 450 nanometers (violet) and 650 nm (red). When illuminated at those wavelengths, NO2 molecules can absorb the light's energy and remain excited for as long as 60 microseconds-long enough for them to collide with another molecule, says Sinha. Most of those collisions involve diatomic molecules of nitrogen and oxygen, gases that make up about 99 percent of the atmosphere. Occasionally, however, the extra-energetic NO2 runs into and reacts with a molecule of water vapor, generating a hydroxyl radical.
Sinha and his colleagues' models suggest that in environments where NO2 concentrations are 1 part per billion, light-driven chemical reactions create as many as 30,000 hydroxyl radicals each second in a cubic centimeter of air. Such reactions can produce up to 52 percent as many hydroxyl radicals as ozone-cleaving reactions do when the sun is low in the sky and much of its ultraviolet light has been filtered out by the overlying atmosphere. The team reports its findings in the March 21 Science.
"This throws a curve ball at what we thought about urban atmospheric chemistry," says Paul O. Wennberg, an atmospheric chemist at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. However, Wennberg's analyses suggest that the team's model may in some cases significantly overestimate the amount of ozone that would result from the light-driven reactions.
Production of hydroxyl radicals by excited nitrogen dioxide molecules "hasn't been included in models [of atmospheric chemistry] but certainly should be," says Luisa T. Molina, an atmospheric chemist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. However, she notes, in urban areas that have many sources of hydroxyl radicals, such as Mexico City, this reaction's contribution to pollution may be minimal. Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire
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